actual definition of "asymptote" ------------------------ ...is: limit of tangent lines so [cos(e^x)]/x^2 doesn't have an asymptote, even though it has a limit at infinity... (that is, it's a 1st order notion, not a 0th order notion, like "limit at infinity") graphs of inverse functions ------------------------------ in order to understand graphs of inverse functions, you really need to think of it as a parametric curve (x,f(x)), and the inverse function as (f(y),y)=(x,f^{-1}(x)), so it's under the linear transform (0 1) (1 0) which is reflection through vector (1,1) (think of eigenvectors) notation for exp/log ------------------------------------ suggestive notation: exp_2(x) := 2^x, looks a lot like: log_2(x), so it's easier to see how they're inverses (and use parens!!! it emphasizes that it's a FUNCTION) increasing/decreasing ----------------------------------- Given f: X -> Y where X,Y posets (e.g., X=Y=R), we can define: increasing: if x < x', then f(x) < f(x') decreasing: if x < x', then f(x) > f(x') non-decreasing: if x <= x', then f(x) <= f(x') non-increasing: if x <= x', then f(x) >= f(x') other terms used are: strictly increasing strictly decreasing increasing decreasing ...which I don't like b/c constant functions are -not- increasing! The concept of a function being not increasing but not decreasing either, like x^3 - x, is -linguistically- very hard for students to deal with: they have a much easier time dealing with dichotomies (it's either increasing, or decreasing, right?). *** same problem as open/closed *** *** the venn diagram (only non-increasing/non-decreasing functions are constant, etc.) helps a lot *** So it's a hard concept to wrap your head around; you really need to internalize a complex Venn diagram. However, the words "non-decreasing/non-increasing" don't help a bit, b/c they "define by negation" It's exactly the same problem as "non-negative" (meaning positive or zero). The clearest solution I've found is to use ``semi-positive'' etc.: positive >0 semi-positive \geq 0 (aka, "non-negative") zero =0 semi-negative \leq 0 (aka, "non-positive") negative <0 (likewise "semi-increasing" and so on; compare with "semipositive" matrices (aka, postive semi-definite)) It's too easy to start using a word before you understand what it means.