Why not just use calculators? *To the extent that you have a perfect black box which solves a problem for you, --you don't need to understand the insides--* EG, don't need to know how car or computer works to drive or write. However, to the extent that: - maker: you must build your own models - user: the black boxes are imperfect ...you need -intuition-. Good EG is FX trading, say: Black-Sholes is imperfect. Math for non-math people is largely about -intuition for underlying models- (and so that you can solve exercises to understand the models / theories better). A subtler issue for model-builders: - if you can build a perfect black box, go for it - ...but if not, there's a trade-off between -accuracy- and -understandability-: users build their own adjustments / model -to a tool-: if a model is inaccurate but understandable, it's often easier to build a -useful- mental model than if a model is "quite accurate but not good enough" and -opaque-: *** you can't tell what adjustments to make! -------------------- A small note: suppose you have a model that depends on a parameter. (EG, the price of a car depends on the price of steel) Then, presuming the model is monotone or homogeneous in that parameter, you can -compare- instances: - either order (if monotone) - ...or find relative sizes (if (close enough to) homogeneous)